** In spite of widespread vaccination, we still get a
large number of pertussis cases and they seem to be
increasing. This may be due to waning immunity and the
appearance of bacterial mutations that are not
controlled by vaccination. The immunity afforded by the
vaccine is not lifelong and seems to last about three to
six years. Early vaccination ensures that children are
protected at the time of greatest exposure and mortality
risk.
VIROLOGY
Appendix
REDUCTION IN THE INCIDENCE OF CERTAIN DISEASES AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF VACCINATION
Dr Richard Hunt
Professor
University of South Carolina School of Medicine
FEEDBACK
The table below shows the reduction in the number of cases of some communicable diseases between the year of the maximum level and 1980, 1992 and 2011. Some of this may be due to better public health conditions but mostly it is attributable to vaccination.
|
Comparison of maximum and more recent morbidity for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases |
||||||||
| Disease | Bacterial/Viral | Maximum cases | Year of maximum | 1980 | 1992 |
redn 92/max* |
2011 | redn 11/max* |
| Diptheria | Bacterial | 206,939 | 1921 | 3 |
4 |
99.99 | 0 | 100 |
| Pertussis** (whooping cough) |
Bacterial | 265,269 | 1934 | 1,730 | 4,083 | 98,46 | 18,719 | 92.9 |
| Tetanus | Bacterial | 1,560 | 1923 | 95 |
45 |
97.12 | 36 | 97.7 |
| Hemophilus influenzae b | Bacterial | 20,000 (estimated) | 1984 | NR | 1,412 | 92.94 | 3,539 | 82.3 |
| Measles | Viral | 894,134 | 1941 | 13,506 | 2,237 | 99.75 | 220# | 99.99 |
| Mumps | Viral | 152,209 | 1968 | 8,576 | 2,572 | 98.31 | 404 | 99.7 |
| Polio (paralytic) | Viral | 21,269 | 1954 | 9 | 4 | 99.98 | 0 | 100 |
| Rubella | Viral | 57,686 | 1969 | 3,904 | 160 | 99.72 | 4 | 99.99 |
| Congenital rubella syndrome | Viral | 20,000+ (estimated) | 1964-65 | 50 | 11 | 99.95 | 0 | 100 |
| Hepatitis B | Viral | 26,611 | 1985 | 19,015 | 16,126 | 39.40 | 2,903 | 89.1 |
| * Per cent reduction in a given year
over the maximum annual number # There were 63 cases of measles in 2010 |
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This figure shows incidence rates for all invasive Haemophilus influenzae (serotype b (Hib), non-b, and nontypeable) among children aged <5 years. The epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease has changed in the United States in the post vaccine era. Since the introduction of conjugate Hib vaccines in 1987, the incidence of invasive Hib disease among children aged <5 years decreased by 99% to <1 case per 100,000 children.
CDC
Measles vaccine was licensed in 1963. Evidence suggests that measles is no longer endemic in the United States.
CDC
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